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ENAME MSAL COMM YEARSAL -------- -------- -------- -------SMITH 800 9600 MARTIN 1250 1400 16400 SCOTT 3000 36000 TURNER 1500 0 18000 SQL> 5. Rewrite the example in Listing 5-24 to remove the DECODE functions using CASE expressions, both in the SELECT clause and in the ORDER BY clause. Solution 5-5. SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 select job, ename , case when msal <= 2500 then 'cheap' else 'expensive' end as class from employees where bdate < date '1964-01-01' order by case job when 'DIRECTOR' then 1 when 'MANAGER' then 2 else 3 end; ENAME -------KING BLAKE ALLEN WARD MILLER FORD SCOTT MARTIN CLASS --------expensive expensive cheap cheap cheap expensive expensive cheap

In addition to field-level permissions, you have the ability to restrict which parent menu items and which options from each menu tree are accessible to users. It s strongly recommended that you take time out to configure menu trees as appropriate for regular users. The alternative to allow all users full access to all menu items can be disastrous. For example, a user could completely empty a database of all records by means of the Zap menu item on the File menu. It s possible for you to customize menus completely. However, the Security dialog contains a Menu access tab with several useful presets: Supervisor, Administrator, Editor, Researcher, and No access. Each preset automatically enables or disables menus and menu items as appropriate for a user role. If joeuser is to perform basic research, you can highlight the name, joeuser, then click the Researcher button (see Figure 4-13). This disables the File, Edit, Documents, and Tools menus, leaving only the Search and Help menus active.

6. Rewrite the example in Listing 5-20 using DATE and INTERVAL constants, in such a way that they become independent of the NLS_DATE_FORMAT setting. Solution 5-6. date '1996-01-29' + interval '1' month as col_1 date '1997-01-29' + interval '1' month as col_2 date '1997-08-11' - interval '3' month as col_3 dual; '1997-01-29' + interval '1' month as col_2 * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01839: date not valid for month specified SQL> 2 3 4 select , , from date '1996-01-29' + interval '1' month as col_1 date '1997-01-28' + interval '1' month as col_2 date '1997-08-11' - interval '3' month as col_3 dual; SQL> 2 3 4 , select , , from date

The Catalyst::Authentication::Store::DBIx::Class is a much more complex module than our simple Password credential. Database structures are one of the most variable components of web applications, and of all the tables in a database, the one most likely to vary from application to application is the users table and, by proxy, the permissions-related tables. The DBIx::Class store must be able to cope with all that variation. Thankfully, it s also very capable and allows you the full flexibility of DBIx::Class to find your users. Again, however, the cost of this flexibility is a fair amount of configuration. Let s examine the Store portion of the Authentication configuration: store => { class => 'DBIx::Class', user_model => 'SneakyCat::Users', role_relation => 'roles', role_field => 'role', use_userdata_from_session => '1', } We know that class tells the Auth module which storage module it should load, but what about the rest of it The first line after class is user_model. This tells the DBIx::Class store that user data is accessible through the SneakyCat::Users schema. This string is what you would pass to $c->model(...) to get to your user storage table. That is all the store needs to find your user data, and we could stop here, but we would be missing some key pieces of information. The role_relation and role_field configuration options are extremely important in that they indicate how to find role-related information. As we discussed before, roles can most easily be thought of as permissions, and without the role options, our access control options would be limited to logged in or not logged in. Thankfully, once again the DBIx::Class store is smart enough to handle most of the complexities of role retrieval for us.